@article{Carter_Rogers_2014, title={Fifteen years of ‘Utopia’: Napster and Pitchfork as technologies of democratization}, volume={19}, url={https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5543}, DOI={10.5210/fm.v19i10.5543}, abstractNote={The legacy of Napster is filled with bold claims that continue to circulate. As recently as 2013, <em>Wired</em> writer Angela Watercutter described the service as “strings of code that forever changed the relationship between technology and music.” In this paper, we set out to problematize this narrative by outlining a seldom–reported pre–history of Napster combined with an expanded examination of the alternative legacies surrounding the platform. One such legacy is the rise of eclectic music criticism portal Pitchfork.com, a media entity (and business model) that similarly traded on a revolutionary backstory.}, number={10}, journal={First Monday}, author={Carter, David and Rogers, Ian}, year={2014}, month={Oct.} }