@article{Birdsall_2000, title={The digital divide in the liberal state: A Canadian perspective}, volume={5}, url={https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/820}, DOI={10.5210/fm.v5i12.820}, abstractNote={The "digital divide" has emerged as a public policy challenge. This paper examines universal access public policy development in Canada within a North American context and its implications for addressing the digital divide. It concludes that the digital divide will not be eliminated either through public policy or the market due to the liberal public philosophy that is unique to and so strong in North America. The concept of the digital divide represents the dual structure characteristic of North American liberal social welfare policy.}, number={12}, journal={First Monday}, author={Birdsall, William F.}, year={2000}, month={Dec.} }